In its decision form 2012-07-05, C-49/11, the Court of Justice of the European Union had to deal with the question, whether and under which circumstances a website itself or at least a link to a website meet the requirements of the "permanent medium" according to Article 5 (1) of the Distance Contracts Directive.
The decision emphasises in regard of the new Directive on Consumer Rights (2011/83/EU), once more that consumers are in need of protection.